Which of the following best describes a 'summons'?

A summons is fundamentally a legal document issued by a court that serves as a formal notice to an individual, informing them that a legal action has been initiated against them and directing them to appear in court. This document not only communicates the need for the recipient’s presence but also typically includes vital details such as the time, date, and location of the court proceedings.

The purpose of a summons is to ensure that the individual is aware of the legal action and has the opportunity to respond or defend themselves in court. It is crucial in the legal process as it upholds the principles of due process by providing notice and an opportunity to be heard.

While the other choices represent various legal documents or processes, none of them encapsulate the primary function and definition of a summons. A request for documents typically pertains to discovery in a legal case, a statement of claim constitutes the actual complaint made by a plaintiff, and an affidavit of service is a sworn statement confirming that legal documents have been delivered to the intended recipient.